Lariam

Louis S. Constine, MD, FASTRO

• Professor of Radiation Oncology and Pediatrics
• Section Chief, Pediatric Radiation Oncology
• Vice Chairman, Department of Radiation Oncology
• James P. Wilmot Cancer Center
• University of Rochester Medical Center
• Rochester, New York

The investigators were highly successful at placing the Bravo system and recording pH levels treatment 4th metatarsal stress fracture buy discount lariam 250 mg on-line. Findings were that the Bravo patients reported more esophageal discomfort and the conventional patients reported more throat discomfort treatment 3 phases malnourished children discount 250mg lariam mastercard. Simultaneous recordings of esophageal pH monitoring and a wireless system (Bravo) medications used to treat adhd lariam 250mg low cost. Back to Top Date Sent: 8/25/20 218 these criteria do not imply or guarantee approval treatment resistant depression buy lariam 250mg without prescription. It can occur from multiple minor traumatic events that result in stretching rather than detaching or tearing ligaments treatment of strep throat discount lariam online american express. Certain individuals may have a genetic predisposition that is complicated by repetitive overuse activities medicine klonopin cheap lariam 250 mg without a prescription. Those who fail non-operative treatment may be candidates for surgical intervention. There has been a recent trend towards arthroscopic stabilization and techniques for performing arthroscopic surgery have substantially developed in the past 20 years. The use of heat can alter collagen within the glenohumeral capsule resulting in its contracture. Back to Top Date Sent: 8/25/20 219 these criteria do not imply or guarantee approval. Back to Top Date Sent: 8/25/20 220 these criteria do not imply or guarantee approval. Since then it has developed into multidisciplinary programs to optimize the health of patients with an expanding range of cardiovascular disease (Gordon 2010). Criteria | Codes | Revision History multi-disciplinary integrated approach for comprehensive risk reduction and global long-term care of cardiac patients (Piepoli 2010). The core components include baseline patient assessment, nutritional counseling, risk factor management (weight, blood pressure, lipids, diabetes mellitus and smoking), psychological interventions, physical activity counseling, and exercise training (Balady 2007). These programs have been defined as structured programs with clear objectives to the participants, including monitoring, follow-up, visits, letters, telephone calls from staff, or at least self-monitoring diaries (Dalal 2010). The latest of these meta-analyses was performed by Taylor and colleagues (2004) and included 48 trials with 8,840 participants. The exercise program, as well as the duration of follow-up varied widely between studies. The main analysis combined the results of exercise only trials with studies on comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation. Five-year follow up of 56% of the patients showed some longterm benefit on the functional performance and perceived exertion of the patients. However, due to the study designs, a lack of significant statistical differences in the outcomes does not necessarily imply that the two strategies are equivalent. Articles: the literature search revealed at least 15 meta-analyses on cardiac rehabilitation, and a large number of randomized controlled trials, and observational studies. Exercise training for systolic heart failure: Cochrane systemic review and meta-analysis. Can a heart specific cardiac rehabilitation program decrease hospitalization and improve outcomes in high-risk patientsfi Exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Home based versus center based cardiac rehabilitation: Cochrane systemic review and meta-analysis. The use of cardiac rehabilitation facility and home based does not meet the Kaiser Permanente Medical Technology Assessment Criteria. Back to Top Date Sent: 8/25/20 225 these criteria do not imply or guarantee approval. It is provided for historical purposes and does not necessarily reflect the most current published literature. C1824 Generator, cardiac contractility modulation (implantable) *Note: Codes may not be all-inclusive. It is valuable to detect coronary atherosclerosis early in its course and try to alter its progression by modifying certain identifiable risk factors. Coronary artery calcification occurs in small amounts in the early lesions of atherosclerosis that appear in the second and third decades of life but is found more frequently in advanced lesions in older age (Janowitz 1993). The relation of arterial calcification to the probability of plague rupture is unknown. Some investigators postulate that calcification may actively contribute to the susceptibility of plaque rupture and subsequent events. Other researchers indicated that ultrafast scans cannot detect all calcium and that molecular calcium may go unnoticed. Thus calcium detected by ultrafast scans may represent only the tip of the iceberg (Rumberger 1996). Agaston method is the most commonly used and is obtained by the summation of areas of the calcified lesions multiplied by a scaling cofactor; an Agaston score of zero indicates absence of coronary calcium, 1-99 is considered low, 10-400 is intermediate, and 400 high (Sanz 2006). Calcium scores can be calculated for a coronary artery segment, a coronary artery, or summed for the whole coronary system. In helical tomography, continuous scanning is performed in combination with a continuous table feed. The initial goal of using cardiac computed tomography was to identify patients at risk of coronary artery disease based on the amount of calcium present. It is being re-reviewed due to the recent publications of studies with clinically important outcomes. The sensitivity increased with age and was highest for symptomatic patients older than 50 years. The specificity on the other hand, increased with the number of calcified vessels and was highest among patients with 4-vessel calcification. They found that cardiac events and deaths tended to be more frequent in the higher quartiles of calcium score. Ideally, a screening test should be highly sensitive in detecting previously undiagnosed disease and should lead to changes in management that improves outcomes. However, the studies had some threats to validity that may limit generalization of the results. The endpoints included revascularization in several trials, which could have been performed at a higher rate based on the results of the scan. The endpoint in one of the studies was all-cause mortality that might be due to other causes than coronary atherosclerotic diseases. Back to Top Date Sent: 8/25/20 233 these criteria do not imply or guarantee approval. The sensitivity ranged from 81% to 99% among the studies reviewed in the meta-analysis, and the more recent study. The studies were conducted among symptomatic patients with a high prevalence of coronary disease, and there is a potential of overestimation of the sensitivity, and positive predictive value, which might limit generalization of the results. An ideal screening test would also lead to changes in the management that will improve health outcomes. The St Francis Health Study enrolled 4,903 mainly White, healthy men and women 50-70 years old. Back to Top Date Sent: 8/25/20 234 these criteria do not imply or guarantee approval. Criteria | Codes | Revision History male gender, and family history of premature coronary disease. The majority of the observed events in this study were cardiovascular procedures rather than the traditional cardiac events. One other limitation of the study was low participation rate as only 2% of the eligible subjects we enrolled in the study. The sensitivity ranged from 81% to 99% among the studies and was inversely related to the calcium score cutoff points. The test results may lead to unnecessary invasive procedures, or overtreatment in some patients. The following articles were critically appraised: Greenland P, Raggi P, Harrington R, et al. Back to Top Date Sent: 8/25/20 235 these criteria do not imply or guarantee approval. The most frequent cause of hospitalization in these patients is recurrent episodes of decompensation resulting from volume overload or changes in ventricular function. Back to Top Date Sent: 8/25/20 237 these criteria do not imply or guarantee approval. Criteria | Codes | Revision History orthopnea, weight gain, and leg edema, were used as indicators of congestion and volume overload, but these are not sensitive to the early changes in volume that increase the risks of decompensation. Continuous hemodynamic monitoring after the hospital discharge is also believed to proactively detect signs of congestion and reduce the risk of hospitalization (Zile 2008, Hoppe 2009, Abraham 2011, Adamson 2011, Mooney 2015). Its design is based on the microelectromechanical principles of resonance whereby an external antenna wand emitting radiofrequency energy can cause varying degrees of oscillations in the sensor depending on the ambient pressure. Background Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease that usually starts early in life. It begins with thickening of the vessel wall due to proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and progresses with the accumulation of lipids carbohydrates, calcium deposits, fibrous tissue, and blood products within the lesions resulting in hard calcified plaques (Libby 2000). Several noninvasive imaging techniques to identify and quantify atherosclerosis have evolved in the last decades. B-mode ultrasound is a well-established method to evaluate atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries, and ultrasonographic assessment of 0easily accessible arteries has been advocated as surrogate markers for less accessible vessels. To consider a test as a surrogate marker, it should have the ability to predict the risk of a disease, and to improve with the improvement of the disease process (Feinstein 2002). Back to Top Date Sent: 8/25/20 239 these criteria do not imply or guarantee approval. Researchers differ on the choice of wall or segment of the carotid artery to image. Ideally subjects would be randomized to receive or not receive a screening test, then followed up for a sufficient period of time, then compare the outcomes in the two groups. Ultrasound scans of the common carotid artery were performed before randomization, and after 2and 4-years using B-mode ultrasonography. Back to Top Date Sent: 8/25/20 240 these criteria do not imply or guarantee approval. Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Effects of lowering average or below-average cholesterol levels on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. As a diagnostic tool for coronary artery disease: the search revealed at least six studies that investigated the potential use of carotid intima media thickness in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. None of these studies was critically appraised as it not the purpose of this review to evaluate the technology as a diagnostic test. Back to Top Date Sent: 8/25/20 242 these criteria do not imply or guarantee approval. Background Fetal chromosomal abnormalities occur in approximately 1 in 160 live births. Most fetal chromosomal abnormalities are aneuploidies, defined as an abnormal number of chromosomes. The first study was a case-control study that evaluated 212 samples with by trisomy 21 matched with 1,483 euploid samples, 62 samples with trisomy 18 matched with 183 euploid samples, and 12 samples with trisomy 13 matched with 36 euploid samples. The second study was a cohort study that included 480 samples from women at high-risk for fetal aneuploidy. Results from this study suggest that before adjusting for guanine cytosine content and removing repetitive regions this test has a sensitivity of 100% and a false positive rate of 0. Conclusion: Kaiser concluded that there is insufficient evidence to determine whether the MaterniT21 prenatal test to detect Down syndrome is medically appropriate for any patient. Back to Top Date Sent: 8/25/20 244 these criteria do not imply or guarantee approval. Back to Top Date Sent: 8/25/20 245 these criteria do not imply or guarantee approval. For Non-Medicare Members this service is not recommended for coverage, as the evidence indicates that squeaking with movement is a common side effect, resulting in frequent requests for replacement and insufficient evidence of efficacy. Soft-on-hard combinations consist of a cup made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and head made of stainless steel, cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy or alumina. The initial metal-on-metal designs of the 1960s had high premature failure rates compared with metal-onpolyethylene devices. However, the metal-on-polyethylene devices have been associated with polyethylene wear debris, leading to osteolysis and aseptic loosening. Potential remaining disadvantages of ceramic-on-ceramic systems include cup migration and osteolysis (Lusty et al. One documented problem with ceramic-on-ceramic bearings is a squeaking sound during walking or other movement. As a case series, it is subject to selection bias and there was no comparison or control group. The authors found an improvement in the mean Harris hip score and short form-12, but details of the data analysis were not provided.

If food or acid tasting liquid returns to your throat or mouth what effect does it have on your main discomfortfi In some people it is also felt as bloating medications 7 rights order cheap lariam line, nausea and premature fullness after eating medications while pregnant generic lariam 250mg fast delivery. Heartburn is defined as a burning sensation radiating from the upper abdomen towards the throat medicine 20 order generic lariam online. This is a different symptom from simple dyspepsia: it can be there on its own or with dyspepsia treatment zamrud cheap 250mg lariam free shipping. A minority of people with dyspepsia may have a peptic ulcer (gastric or duodenal) symptoms 3 days dpo purchase lariam overnight delivery. These usually present with additional features which can be identified by your doctor medications bad for kidneys lariam 250 mg overnight delivery. Heartburn is typical of refiux of acid from the stomach into the oesophagus (gullet). This is caused by the valve at the lower end of the oesophagus permitting acid and food to come back into the oesophagus; the acid produces the burning. Sometimes attention to simple lifestyle factors is all that is required to bring relief (eg, moderate alcohol intake, stop smoking, avoid rich/fatty foods, lose weight if applicable). Most people self-medicate (at least initially) with antacids or acid lowering medications which are available in pharmacies and supermarkets. If symptoms are severe or persistent for more than a few weeks, consult your doctor. All symptoms should be regarded as more serious in people who are aged greater than 50 years when presenting for the first time, and those with a family history of stomach cancer presenting below the age of 50 years. He/she will assess your symptoms in the light of your medical history and decide an appropriate management strategy. Giving lifestyle advice: attention to diet, eating habits, weight, smoking, alcohol intake, and psychosocial stresses. Prescribing simple antacids or acid lowering medications for a short course of treatment. Faeces tests are very good, and the breath test is the most reliable but unfortunately the most expensive. Instructions for treatment must be followed closely to avoid the bacteria losing their sensitivity to antibiotics. Motility modifying agents include domperidone (Motilium) or metoclopramide (Maxalon). These include ranitidine (eg, Zantac) and famotidine (eg, Pepsidine) which are mild in their effect and omeprazole (Losec) or pantoprazole (Somac) which are very potent. These are the drugs of choice in heartburn but may also be effective in some people with dyspepsia. In some circumstances your doctor will consider it important to do some tests to help him or her make a more definitive diagnosis. The discomfort of this procedure is minimised by using sedation and/or a throat spray to anaesthetise the back of your throat. If treatment needs to be prolonged to control symptoms (continuous over 3 months), it may be better to come to a definitive diagnosis (with endoscopy). Once a diagnosis is established, most people can be treated with one of the above described medications using the lowest dose which controls the symptoms. The Management of Dyspepsia: A consensus development conference report to the National Advisory Committee on Core Health and Disability Services. Guidelines for the investigation and treatment of patients with dyspepsia in Bradford and Airedale. Prevalence, severity and associated features of gastro-oesophageal refiux and dyspepsia: a population-based study. Factors affecting the decision to consult with dyspepsia: comparison of consulters and non-consulters. Well-being and gastrointestinal symptoms among patients referred to endoscopy owing to suspected duodenal ulcer. Impact of functional dyspepsia on quality of life and health care consumption after cessation of antisecretory treatment. First line treatment with omeprazole provides an effective and superior alternative strategy in the management of dyspepsia compared to antacid/alginate liquid: a multicentre study in general practice. Quality of life in patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms: results from the Domestic/International Gastroenterology Surveillance Study. Gastro-oesophageal refiux disease in primary care in Europe: clinical presentation and endoscopic findings. Epidemiology at hospitalization for acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: a population-based study. Incidence of and mortality from acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in the United Kingdom. Organic causes of dyspepsia, and discriminating functional from organic dyspepsia. American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement: Evaluation of Dyspepsia. Management of uninvestigated and functional dyspepsia: a working party report for the World Congresses of Gastroenterology 1998. Meta-analysis of antisecretory and gastrokinetic compounds in functional dyspepsia. Efficacy of cisapride and domperidone in functional (nonulcer) dyspepsia: a meta-analysis. Efficacy and safety of the peripheral kappa agonist fedotozine versus placebo in the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Factors affecting shortand long-term outcome of a short therapeutic trial with cisapride in dyspeptic patients. Ranitidine effectively relieves symptoms in a subset of patients with functional dyspepsia. An evidence-based appraisal of refiux disease management the Genval workshop report. Decreasing numbers of gastrointestinal studies: report of data from 69 radiologic practices. Prescribing patterns for dyspepsia in primary care: a prospective study of selected general practitioners. Gastric cancer below the age of 55: Implications for screening patients with uncomplicated dyspepsia. The effectiveness of endoscopy in the management of dyspepsia: a qualitative systematic review. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of non-prescription ranitidine 75 mg in the prevention of meal-induced heartburn. Placebo in functional dyspepsia: symptomatic, gastrointestinal motor, and gastric sensorial responses. Incidence of gastroesophageal malignancy in patients with dyspepsia in Hong Kong: Implications for screening strategies. Dyspepsia: organic causes and differential characteristics from functional dyspepsia. Accurately diagnosing and successfully treating chronic cough due to gastroesophageal refiux disease can be difficult. Gastroesophageal refiux and asthma: A review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in a multiracial Asian population with particular reference to refiux-like symptoms. Prevalence and clinical spectrum of gastroesophageal refiux: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Health-related quality of life in primary care patients with gastro-oesophageal refiux disease. Increased frequency of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation induced by gastric distention in refiux patients with hiatal hernia. Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal refiux disease. Endoscopic assessment of oesophagitis: clinical and functional correlates and further validation of the Los Angeles classification. Specialized intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction: prevalence and clinical data. Symptomatic gastroesophageal refiux as a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. The role of gastric carditis in metaplasia and neoplasia at the gastroesophageal junction. On demand therapy with omeprazole for the long-term management of patients with heartburn without oesophagitis: a placebo-controlled randomized trial. Short-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastrooesophageal refiux disease-like symptoms and endoscopy negative refiux disease. Chronic cough and gastrooesophageal refiux: a double-blind placebo-controlled study with omeprazole. Appropriate acid suppression for the management of gastro-oesophageal refiux disease. Erosive oesophagitis: outcome of repeated long term maintenance with low dose omeprazole 10 mg or placebo. Relative efficacies of gastric proton pump inhibitors: Their clinical and pharmacological basis. Omeprazole or ranitidine in the shortterm treatment of ulcerative refiux oesophagitis. Clinical and economic assessment of the omeprazole test in patients with symptoms suggestive of gastro-esophageal refiux disease. Empirical therapy versus diagnostic tests in gastroesophageal refiux disease: a medical decision analysis. Evaluation of omeprazole as a costeffective diagnostic test for gastro-oesophageal refiux disease. Choice of long-term strategy for the management of patients with severe esophagitis: a cost-utility analysis. Prognostic factors infiuencing relapse of oesophagitis during maintenance therapy with antisecretory drugs: a metaanalysis of long-term omeprazole trials. Predictive factors of the long term outcome in gastro-oesophageal refiux disease: six year follow-up of 107 patients. Study of 47 consecutive patients with peptic esophageal stricture compared with 3880 cases of refiux esophagitis. Symptomatic gastrooesophageal refiux disease: double-blind controlled study of intermittent treatment with omeprazole or ranitidine. Omeprazole therapy decreases the need for dilatation of peptic oesophageal strictures. Long-term omeprazole treatment in resistant gastroesophageal refiux disease: Efficacy, safety, and infiuence on gastric mucosa. Clinical esophageal pH recording: a technical review for practice guideline development. Ranitidine controls nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough on omeprazole: a controlled study in normal subjects. The preoperative evaluation of patients considered for laparoscopic antirefiux surgery. Recurrent symptoms and gastro-oesophageal refiux disease in patients with duodenal ulcer treated for H. Outcome of open antirefiux surgery as assessed in a Nordic multicentre prospective clinical trial. Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration. Co-twin study of the effect of environment and dietary elements on acquisition of H. Personal communication, J Wyeth, Department of Gastroenterology, Wellington Hospital. Personal communication, M Schlup, Department of Gastroenterology, Dunedin Hospital. Regression of primary low-grade B-Cell gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type after eradication of H. Randomized trial of omeprazole and metronidazole with amoxicillin or clarithromycin for H. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection and nonsteroidal anti-infiammatory drugs in peptic ulcer disease: a meta-analysis.

Kidney Int 1999 May;55(5):2021blood gas changes medicine venlafaxine cheap lariam 250 mg otc, potassium/phosphorus treatment leukemia order lariam without prescription, and symptoms medications 2355 order lariam paypal. Does strict phosphorus control precipicalcaemia with pamidronate in patients with end stage renal tate renal osteomalaciafi Parathyroidectomy in chronic Changing pattern of renal osteodystrophy with chronic hemorenal failure the treatment 2014 online discount lariam online master card. Neth J Med 1982;25(7): Treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism with intermit230-236 treatment yeast infection home proven lariam 250 mg. J Clin Pathol 1973 Feb;26(2): ectomy on left-ventricular function in haemodialysis pa83-101 medicine 81 buy online lariam. Incidence of skeletal complications in renal Dubost C, Kracht M, Assens P, Sarfati E, Zingraff J, graft recipients. Reoperation for secondary hyperparathyroidism Orthop Scand 1982 Dec;53(6):853-856. Parathyroid sonography: A useful aid to preoperative localEmiliani G, Riegler P, Corradini R, Huber W, Fusaroli M. Eu commission approves Visudyne for the treatment of Calcif Tissue Res 1974;16(2):129-138. Prog Biochem comparative study of radiological and morphometric determinations of bone density in patients with renal osteodystroPharmacol 1980;17:236-241. Subtotal Effects of dietary protein restriction on the progression of parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism in moderate renal disease in the Modification of Diet in Renal chronic renal failure. J Laryngol Otol 1991 Jul;105(7):562Disease Study [published erratum appears in J Am Soc 567. Intact parathyroid hormone levels in renal Ei I, Maruyama H, Gejyo F, Okada M, Aoyagi R, Sato T, insufficiency. Child Nephrol Urol 1988-89;9(1Pamidronate therapy as prevention of bone loss following 2):33-37. Hypophosphataemia after parathyroidectomy forms of vitamin D3 and oral one-alpha in treatment of in chronic renal failure. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982 Mar secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients on maintenance 20;284(6319):856-858. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998 Dec; bone resulting from accumulation of aluminum in bone of 13(12):3111-3117. Is the rise in sections with 5 micron thick Goldner sections in the study of plasma beta-2-microglobulin seen during hemodialysis meanundecalcified bone. Top Short-term clinical study with bicarbonate-containing peritoRev Rheum Disord 1994;61(9 Suppl):39S-42S. Kidney Int 1998; can plasmatic levels of beta-2-microglobulin in hemodialy54(5):1731-1738. Association between vitamin D receptor gene ance with very low protein diet and ketoanalogues in chronic polymorphism and relative hypoparathyroidism in patients renal failure. Chest 1984 Selgas R, Oliver J, Del Peso G, Garcia G, Jimenez C, Mar;85(3):367-371. The desferrioxamine test predicts bone aluminium burplant 1995;10(11):2090-2095. Indications for parathyroidectomy in Franke S, Lehmann G, Abendroth K, Hein G, Stein G. Prospective application of a diagnostic index for and its effects on serum parameters in hemodialysis patients. Friberg O, Nurminen M, Korhonen K, Soininen E, MantGasparri G, Camandona M, JeantetA, Nano M, Desimone tari T. Results after 223 parathyroidectolength inequality and lumbar scoliosis: comparison of clinimies for secondary hyperparathyroidism. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc Eur 2-microglobulin-related amyloidosis in patients receiving Ren Assoc 1985;21:561-566. Conservative treatment with syndrome and beta-2 microglobulin amyloidosis: Histologiketoacid and amino acid supplemented low-protein diets in cal and biochemical aspects, in Gejyo F, Brancaccio D, chronic renal failure. Serum levels treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with of beta 2-microglobulin as a new form of amyloid protein in chronic renal failure: Reevaluation of indications for parathypatients undergoing long-term hemodialysis [letter]. Prelimiproliferation and secretion in secondary hyperparathyroidnary experience on dietary management of chronic renal ism during renal failure. Decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 parathormone, calcium and phosphorus in patients with receptor density is associated with a more severe form of renal osteodystrophy undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Biochemical markers for non-invasive diagnosis of Manderlier T, Brauman H, Corvilain J. Parathyroid hormone hyperparathyroid bone disease and adynamic bone in paplasma level in untreated chronic renal failure and in hemotients on haemodialysis. Bone mineral density in patients with end-stage Oprisiu R, Brazier M, Remond A, Moriniere P, Garabedian renal failure. Kidney Int 1999 Jun;55(6): calcitriol: A comparison of efficacy in the treatment of 2169-2177. Ultrasoniefficacy of total parathyroidectomy with immediate autograftcally guided fine-needle alcohol injection as an adjunct to ing compared with subtotal parathyroidectomy in hemodialymedical treatment in second hyperparathyroidism. Gallieni M, Brancaccio D, Padovese P, Rolla D, Bedani P, Giangrande A, Castiglioni A, Solbiati L, Allaria P. Low-dose sound-guided percutaneous fine-needle ethanol injection into intravenous calcitriol treatment of secondary hyperparathyparathyroid glands in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Bone loss after Thallium-201 and technetium-99m subtraction scanning of kidney transplantation: A longitudinal study in 115 graft the parathyroid glands in patients with hyperparathyroidism recipients. Vascular ment of osteopenia and osteoporosis after kidney transplancalcification in long-term haemodialysis patients in a single tation. Gyarmati J, Locsey L, Gyarmati J Jr, Barnak G, Kakuk G, Gonzalez T, Cruz A, Balsa A, Jimenez C, Selgas R, Vargha G. Erosive azotemic osteoarthropathy of investigations in the detection of bone alterations caused by the hands in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and chronic renal insufficiency. Sider D, Wang Y, Chung J, Emerick A, Greaser L, Elashoff Scand J Urol Nephrol 1985;19(3):221-226. Coronary artery calcification in young Haajanen J, Saarinen O, Laasonen L, Kuhlback B, Edgren adults with end state renanl disease who are undergoing J, Slatis P. Biochemical parameters in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism after intermitchronic renal failure. Effects of acetate and bicarbonate dialysate in stable protein-bound calcium in the serum of haemodialysis pachronic dialysis patients. The effect of membrane biocompatibility on plasma tion: 1-alpha vitamin D therapy in patients with normal beta 2-microglobulin levels in chronic hemodialysis paparathyroid gland activity. Low calcium dialysate increases the tolerance to vitameasures in adult hemodialysis patients. Missing impact of cyclosporine on osteopoHampl H, Steinmuller T, Frohling P, Naoum C, Leder K, rosis in renal transplant recipients. Bone fracture and osteodensitometry with total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation in patients dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in kidney transplant recipiwith long-term hemodialysis. High sodium bicarbonate and acetate hemodialyShortand long-term outcome of total parathyroidectomy sis: double-blind crossover comparison of hemodynamic with immediate autografting versus subtotal parathyroidecand ventilatory effects. Metabolism Hercz G, Pei Y, Greenwood C, Manuel A, Saiphoo C, 1977 Mar;26(3):255-265. Meta-analysis of screening and Aluminum removal by peritoneal dialysis: Intravenous vs. Kidney Int 1986 Dec;30(6): Hauglustaine D, Waer M, Michielsen P, Goebels J, Vande944-948. Surgical management negative aluminium staining in predialysis patients: prevaof renal hyperparathyroidism in the dialysis patient. Herrmann P, Ritz E, Schmidt-Gayk H, Schafer I, Geyer J, Bone loss after renal transplantation: Role of hyperparathyNonnast-Daniel B, Koch K-M, Weber U, Horl W, Haasroidism, acidosis, cyclosporine and systemic disease. Nephron deposition in maintenance dialysis patients treated with 1994;67(1):48-53. Long-term effects of essential amino tion scanning in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Lancet acids supplementation in patients on regular dialysis treat1999 Jun 26;353(9171):2200-2204. Values of intact serum Oxacalcitriol ameliorates high-turnover bone and marked parathyroid hormone in different stages of renal insuffiosteitis fibrosa in rats with slowly progressive nephritis. Treatment of childhood renal ostransplantation courses of children and adolescents. N Engl J Med 1989 Dec Homma N, Gejyo F, Kobayashi H, Saito H, Sakai S, 28;321(26):1773-1777. Predictors of carpal bones, distal radius and ulna as a marker for dialysisshort-term changes in serum intact parathyroid hormone associated amyloid osteoarthropathy. Nephron 1992;62(1):6levels in hemodialysis patients: role of phosphorus, calcium, 12. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Nov;83(11):3860Honda K, Hara M, Ogura Y, Nihei H, Mimura N. Comparison of treatments for autopsy study of intervertebral disks and posterior longitudimild secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis panal ligaments. Ishibashi M, Nishida H, Hiromatsu Y, Kojima K, Tabuchi Int Urol Nephrol 1991;23(3):281-284. Pattern of renal osteodystrophy in haemodialysis patients in Ishimura E, Nishizawa Y, Inaba M, Matsumoto N, Emoto Saudi Arabia. Kidney Int 1999 Mar; special reference to beta 2 microglobulin related amyloid55(3):1019-1027. Kidney Int 1993 Nov;44(5): Bernaert P, Rorive G, Hanique G, van Ypersele de Strihou C. Aseptic rioxamine for the estimation of aluminium overload in necrosis of bone following renal transplantation: Experience haemodialysis patients. Pharm World Sci 1996 Oct;18(5): in 194 transplant recipients and review of the literature. Correlation of clinical, biochemi84), and bone mineral content in dialysis patients. Nephrol cal and skeletal responses to 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in Dial Transplant 1991;6(2):98-104. Results of subtotal parathyroidectomy in Karsenty G, Vigneron N, Jorgetti V, Fauchet M, Zingraff hemodialysis patients. Follow-up of long-term treatnewly developed bone metabolic markers: Evaluation of ment of predialysis renal bone disease with 1-alpha-hydroxyserum levels of carboxy-terminal pyridinoline cross-linked derivatives of vitamin D. J Steroid Biochem 1983 Jul;19(1B): telopeptide of type I collagen and carboxy-terminal propep511-516. Parathyroidectomy for hyperplasia in sition of an amyloid-like substance as a possible complicarenal disease. Kakuta T, Fukagawa M, Fujisaki T, Hida M, Suzuki H, Analysis of 195 patients, with observations on the effects of Sakai H, Kurokawa K, Saito A. Prognosis of parathyroid chronic dialysis, kidney transplantation and subtotal parathyfunction after successful percutaneous ethanol injection roidectomy. Kakuta T, Kunimatsu K, Tadaki F, Fujisaki T, Noguchi M, Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1968;14:376-384. Long-term results of Kawanishi H, Tsuchiya T, Namba S, Takahashi N, Toyota subcutaneous parathyroid grafts in uremic patients. Long-term studies using a calcium-free dialyintake and serum lipids in children with chronic renal sate. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study outcome following total parathyroidectomy in patients with Group. Operative treatment of tertiary hyperparathyson of 201Tl-99mTc subtraction scintigraphy, computed roidism: a single-center experience. Kessler M, Netter P, Azoulay E, Mayeux D, Pere P, Koda Y, Nishi S, Miyazaki S, Haginoshita S, SakurabaGaucher A. Dialysis-associated arthropathy: A multicentre yashi T, Suzuki M, Sakai S, Yuasa Y, Hirasawa Y, Nishi T. The Co-operative Group on Dialysis-associated Arthe risk of carpal tunnel syndrome and mortality of hemodithropathy. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 1994; fracture history and prospective bone fracture risk of hemo61(9 Suppl):71S-74S. Kessler M, Netter P, Maheut H, Wolf C, Prenat E, Huu Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Mar;62(3):278-281. Highly permeable and biocompatible memKoonsman M, Hughes K, Dickerman R, Brinker K, Dunn branes and prevalence of dialysis-associated arthropathy E. The effects of parathyroidectomy on nutritional and bioNutritional status of patients with different levels of chronic chemical status of hemodialysis patients with severe secondrenal insufficiency. Factors associated with calcification of the abdominal aorta Korzets Z, Magen H, Kraus L, Bernheim J, Bernheim J. Kidney Int Suppl 1998 Jul;71:S238Total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation in haemoS241. Kostakis A, Vaiopoulos G, Kostantopoulos K, Zavos G, World J Surg 2000 Nov;24(11):1391-1395. Clin Transgland responsiveness to acute hypocalcemia in dialysis osteoplant 1998 Dec;12(6):572-574.

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